中国紫金牛属一新种

中国紫金牛属一新种胡启明（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）关键词紫金牛属;光萼紫金牛;新种ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＡＲＤＩＳＩＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＨｕＣｈｉｍｉｎｇ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ａｃａｄｅｍ...     

华南大戟科植物的增补

作者清理采自中国南部大戟科标本过程,发现一些需增补的分类群,现报道其中２个新种：分布于广东封开县的印禅铁苋菜Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａｗｕｉ和印禅三宝木Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｓｔｅｍｏｎｗｕｉ;２个新纪录种：分布于云南勐海县的短序白桐树Ｃｌａｏｘｙｌｏｎｓｕｂｓｅｓｓｉｌｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ和生长于海南南沙群岛的南沙大戟Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ;１个近代生长于广东、贵州和四川的归化种－桃叶猩猩草Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ,而将依据四川渡口的标本命名的柳叶大戟Ｅ．ｅｐｉｌｉｂｉｉｆｏｌｉａ作为它的新异名．     

南亚和东南亚巨蜥居群的种间亲缘和越南─新种描述

１９９２年１１月１５日从云南省河口县城自由市场的一位越南人手中买得一雌性巨蜥,经鉴定为一新种,定名为越南巨蜥Ｖａｒａｎｕｓｖｉｅｔｎａｍｅｎｓｉｓ。鉴别特征：新种背部鳞片光滑,仅在后半部插有极少的起棱鳞片,不同于Ｖ．ｎｅｂｕｌｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｏｕｌｅｎｇｅｒ,１８８５,１８９０;Ｔａｙｌｏｒ,１９６３）;新种不同于Ｖ．ｓａｌｖａｔｏｒ在于其背部没有眼斑状横斑带（ｏｃｅｌｌｉｍａｒｋｓ）（Ｇｕｅｎｔｈｅｒ,１８６４;Ｈａｒｒｉｓｏｎ等,１９５７;Ｐｏｐｅ,１９３５）;不同于Ｖ．ｉｒｒａｗａｒｄｉｃｕｓ（Ｙａｎｇ等,１９８７）,Ｖ．ｇｒｉｓｅｕｓ和Ｖ．ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ,１９３５）在于有６─７个横向扩大的眼上鳞。文中运用了１５个外部性状对产于南亚,东南亚大陆及岛屿共９个种（含新种）的种间亲缘关系进行了研究,结果认为,种间亲缘关系的亲疏与分布地区相距的远近成正相关。     

云南小孢发属地衣的分类

报道了云南小孢发属地衣１３种,其中中国新记录种６个,它们是：喜马拉雅小孢发,尼泊尔小孢发,光滑小孢发,光亮小孢发,多叉小孢发,波氏小孢发,另外７种的形态及分布也在文中进行了讨论。     

中国樟科新分类群

描写了西藏墨脱县的９个新种和两个新变种,它们是墨脱油丹、西藏球楠、扁果木姜子、勃生木姜子、少花木姜子、树志木姜子、柔毛长蕊木姜子（变种）、西藏新木姜子（变种）、纤枝钓樟等。     

Differential expression of Alpha,Mu, and Pi classes of glutathione S-transferases in chemosensory mucosae of rats during development

The expression of three classes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), Alpha, Mu, and Pi was investigated in the nasal mucosae of rats during development using immunohistochemical methods. GST Alpha and Mu were first detected in the supranuclear region of sustentacular cells on embryonic days 16. The Bowman's glands expressed differential patterns of immunoreactivity during development, beginning at postnatal day (P) 2 and P6 for Alpha and Mu classes, respectively and being greatest at P11 for both. The acinar cells of vomeronasal glands in the vomeronasal organ expressed Alpha and Mu classes of GSTs from P11 onwards. In the septal organ of Masera, the supranuclear region of sustentacular cells expressed GSTs from P11 with little or no variation during development. In the respiratory mucosa, Alpha and Mu classes of GSTs were detected at the brush borders of ciliated cells and in the acinar cells of posterior septal glands, but not in anterior septal or respiratory glands located on the turbinates. Compared to olfactory mucosa, the changes in immunoreactivity for GSTs were less pronounced in the respiratory mucosa during development. Specific GST Pi immunoreactivity was not detected in the nasal mucosae at any stage of development studied. The occurrence of GSTs in the nasal mucosa, including olfactory, vomeronasal, septal, and respiratory epithelia, suggests that the GSTs are actively involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics including odorants and pheromones, and may also participate in perireceptor processes such as odorant clearance. In addition, we have developed a working model describing the cellular localization of certain phase I (e.g., cytochrome P-450s) and phase II (e.g., GSTs, -glutamyl transpeptidase) biotransformation enzymes in the olfactory mucosa and their proposed roles in xenobiotic metabolism.     

Distribution and prevalence of the predatory planarian Artioposthia triangulata (Dendy) (Trieladida: Terricola) in Scotland

The distribution of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) in Scotland was surveyed between July 1991 and February 1993. There were 348 records from domestic gardens, 56 from botanic gardens, garden centres and nurseries, with only 13 from farms. Although most of the records came from around the major cities the flatworm was found to have become established throughout the Scottish mainland and some of the Islands, e.g. Bute, Gigha, Orkney and Skye. The impact of the flatworm on earthworm populations in agricultural land in Scotland was, as yet, found to be minimal but the fact that seven adjacent farms near Dunoon were infected suggested it could be spread from farm to farm and that in the West of Scotland it could become widespread in agricultural land.     

The influence of riparian vegetation on macroinvertebrate community structure and functional organization in six new Guinea streams

Information on the ecology of New Guinea streams is meagre, and data are needed on the trophic basis of aquatic production in rivers such as the Sepik in Papua New Guinea which have low fish yields. This study investigates the relationship between riparian shading (from savanna grassland to primary rainforest), algal and detrital food, and macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure in 6 Sepik River tributary streams. A particular aim was to elucidate macroinvertebrate community responses to changes in riparian conditions. All streams supported diverse benthic communities, but morphospecies richness (overall total 64) was less than in streams on the tropical Asian mainland; population densities of benthic invertebrates, by contrast, were similar to those recorded elsewhere. Low diversity could reflect limited taxonomic penetration, but may result from the absence of major groups (Plecoptera, Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae, Psephenidae, Megaloptera, etc.) which occur on the Asian mainland. Population densities of all 19 of the most abundant macroinvertebrate taxa varied significantly among the 6 study streams, but community composition in each was broadly similar with dominance by Baetidae and (in order of decreasing importance), Leptophlebiidae, Orthocladiinae, Elmidae and Hydropsychidae. Principal components analysis (PCA) undertaken on counts of abundant macroinvertebrate taxa clearly separated samples taken in two streams from the rest. Both streams contained high detrital standing stocks and one was completely shaded by rainforest. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that population densities of the majority of abundant taxa (11 out of 19) across streams (10 samples per stream; n = 60) were influenced by algae and/or detritus, although standing stocks of these variables were not clearly related to riparian conditions. When regression analysis was repeated on mean counts of taxa per stream (dependent variables) versus features of each stream as a whole (thus n = 6), % shading and detritus were the independent variables yielding significant regression models most frequently, but pH, total-nitrogen loads and algae were also significant predictors of faunal abundance. Further regression analysis, undertaken separately on samples (n = 10) from each stream, confirmed the ability of algae and detritus to account for significant portions of the variance in macroinvertebrate abundance, but the significance of these variables varied among streams with the consequence that responses of individual taxa to algae or detritus was site-specific.Community functional organization — revealed by investigation of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) — was rather conservative, and streams were codominated by collector-gatherers (mean across 6 streams = 43%) and grazers (36%), followed by filter-feeders (15%) and predators (7%). The shredder FFG was species-poor and comprised only 0.4% of total macroinvertebrate populations; shredders did not exceed 2% of benthic populations in any stream. PCA of FFG abundance data was characterized by poor separation among streams, although there was some evidence of clustering of samples from unshaded sites. The first 2 PCA axes accounted for 84% of the variation in the data suggesting that the poor separation resulted from the general similarity of FFG representation among streams. Although stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that algae and detritus accounted for significant proportions of the variations in population density and relative abundance of some FFGs, the response of community functional organization to changes in riparian conditions and algal and detrital food base was weak — unlike the deterministic responses that may be typical of north-temperate streams.     

Changes in drinking water selenium and mortality for coronary disease in a residential cohort

In a part of the municipal territory of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, selenium in drinking water decreased from 7 μg/L to less than 1 μg/L. In a cohort of 4419 individuals, previously exposed for at least 5 yr to the drinking water with higher selenium content, the 7-yr temporal distribution of deaths for coronary disease and for stroke was analyzed to examine a possible relationship with changes in drinking water selenium. From January 1986 until August 1988, when tap water selenium was 7 μg/L, deaths for coronary disease were one in males and two in females. After the decrease in drinking water selenium, 21 and 10 coronary deaths were observed, respectively, in males and in females from September 1988 to December 1992. No significant difference in the temporal distribution of stroke deaths was observed both in males and in females. Even if an effect of chance and aging in the temporal distribution of coronary deaths may not be excluded, findings of the study seem to be consistent with the hypothesis of a beneficial effect of selenium on coronary disease mortality.     

鱼类寄生毛细科线虫－新属新种的研究

作者在武陵山地区的鱼类寄生线虫调查工作中,发现一种毛细线虫,经研究,为一新种,定名为岁新毛细线虫,新种（Ｎｅｏｃａｐｉｌｌａｒｉａｐｈｏｘｉｎｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。根据其特征,为此建立一新属──新毛细线虫属。